Divorce And Its Effects On The Psychosocial Domain

Couples make the decision to have a divorce after realizing that their marriage is no longer healthy, and in order to restore their happiness they decide to end the marriage. Although the individuals mutually agree that this is the best decision long term it can also lead to an accumulation of negative effects. These negative effects will impact every individual that is associated with the divorce, which can include the parents, children, family members, and friends. The occurrence of a divorce can impact the psychosocial, cognitive, and physical domain of each individual associated, cause various long term effects, and lead to remarriage. The psychosocial domain focuses on the feelings, emotions, personality, and relationships of an†¦show more content†¦In regard to their children both parents may personally believe that the divorce is breaking up their family. Depending on the custody decisions that are put in place the time spent with each parent will be impacted. This transformation may cause one parent to be unsatisfied, which can cause more conflict between both parents. However, the text book argues on page 259, that the divorce will not be as negatively impacting to the children if the parents collaborate and both remain involved in the child’s life. This is why joint custody is usually a better option for the children. Overall each parent will be likely to be in mourning and experience disappointment, hurt, outrage. Divorce will also impact the psychosocial domain of children and adolescents. The end of a marriage can cause economic problems, which can lead to their children being forced to move houses, schools, and even stop participating in sports. The abundance of changes can be depressing being that they may no longer have the ability to participate in activities that they once loved along spending time with friends that they were close to. The PowerPoint proclaims that social losses in the lives of the adults and children can be a result of divorce, which can be upsetting to their friends. In Piaget’s Cognitive Domain Theory, the preoperational stage is focused on children between the agesShow MoreRelatedThe Development Of Middle Childhood1147 Words   |  5 Pagesfulfilled because my parents had filed for divorce after being together and married for 20 years. As stated in the ‘Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood’ power point divorce is considered a grieving pr ocess and we all had lost my dad. Not only had we lost our dad, but we lost a second income and support system in the household. So, I wasn’t surprised when it was stated divorced families typically have secondary losses because, after the divorce my mom, two sisters, and I had to move intoRead MorePersonal Impact Paper1497 Words   |  6 Pagesswollen. 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The divorce was seven years prior to his final hospital discharge. However, Nash and de Larde remarried overRead MoreAfrican American Daughters And Non Residential Fathers : A Qualitative Exploration9462 Words   |  38 PagesAfrican American Daughters and Non-Residential Fathers: A Qualitative Exploration La Toi S Smith Chapter 1 Introduction I spent the majority of my life being raised by a single mother due to my parents’ divorce. Because of my parents’ divorce, my mother stated firmly that I had changed and became a difficult child. I remember rebelling, suffering with low self-esteem and self-worth and blaming myself for the absence of my father. It was not until I was well into womanhood that I found peaceRead MoreHIV/AIDS acquisition is at an all-time high in today’s society, especially for women in hidden or2000 Words   |  8 Pageskeeping women from seeking services that could help both them and their children (Beard et al. 2010). 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Both grandparents on my mother and father’s side separated asRead MoreNormative Development3160 Words   |  13 Pagesexistence. Possibly the two things that are constantly normal in human existence are birth and death. What happens in between is very much a complicated affair. Sigelman amp; Rider (2012) identify three broad domains of development: physical, cognitive and psychosocial. Of these three domains, parameters for physical growth are the most accurate predictor of normative data. All humans have endocrine and neural systems, which are essentially involved in growth, maturation, ageing and functioning overRead MoreLife Events and Psychiatric Disorders6114 Words   |  25 Pagesoccurrence involving a relatively abrupt change that may produce serious and long lasting effects. It refers to the happening itself and not to the transitions that will occur because of the happenings. Life events can occur in a variety of domains (family, health, and work) and may be age graded (School, marriage and retirement), history graded (war and depression), or non-normative (illness and divorce). Most of the adolescent and adult literature reflects a sociological tradition of assessingRead MoreEriksons Psychosocial Development Theory10839 Words   |  44 Pageserik eriksons psychosocial crisis life cycle model - the eight stages of human development Eriksons model of psychosocial development is a very significant, highly regarded and meaningful concept. Life is a serious of lessons and challenges which help us to grow. Eriksons wonderful theory helps to tell us why. The theory is helpful for child development, and adults too. For the lite version, heres a quick diagram and summary. Extra details follow the initial overview. For more informationRead MoreShould Gambling Be Legal?2890 Words   |  12 Pageslegalized gambling and an abundance of people are gravitated to the chances of winning money. Considering that gambling is legal, the growth has led to many people to attempt to gamble. While most people gamble would gamble for fun and have no adverse effects, the amount of addicted gamblers has increased in the casino environment. Population An individual who gambles typically will gamble to receive extra funds to support their cost of living. When gambling first began in Egypt people would play for

Understanding Fascism Free Essays

Fascism refers to the political ideology that considers an individual’s, a group’s or a societies’ interest to be subordinate to that of the interests of the state. The objective of such an ideology is to unify the state and its constituents to forego their interests that are often self-serving. At the same time, Payne (27-32) considers it as a counter-movement to liberalism and rose to prominence in Europe in the 1920’s to the 1930’s. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Fascism or any similar topic only for you Order Now    The movement grew with the decline of European states economically and politically and a general loss of faith in the ability of governments to control and stabilize markets because of commercial interests (73-79). It is considered to be the inspiration behind Adolf Hitler’s Nazism and has helped shaped post-war philosophies and doctrines such as Islamofascism, Neo-fascism, Rexism and Social fascism among others and provided a foundation of socio-political reform worldwide particularly in communist and socialist states (120-127). It is critical to understand the significance and impact of fascism not only in countries, movements and governments that adopted its ideologies but also its value to international politics, economics and history (359). Mussolini and Fascism Andrea Benito Amilcare Mussolini was named for socialists and reformists Andrea Costa, Benito Juà ¡rez and Amilcare Cipriani. His father, Alessandro was a known social activist and was associated filially and by association to many known social activists of the time. Mussolini’s rise in the Italian Socialist Party can be traced with his editorship of L’Avvenire del Lavoratore in 1909, the subsequent publication of his book titled Il Popolo, reformation and control of the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento and was cemented when he became Italy’s youngest prime minister in history in 1922 (220-229). Fascism was coined by Benito Mussolini on the Italian word â€Å"fascio† which in turn is based on the Latin word â€Å"fasces† which refers to rods packed around an axe. It represented the maxim of standing together versus standing individually. One particular source of doctrine that guided Italian Fascism and consequently fascism in general was based on the 1891 encyclical written by Pope Leo XIII titled Rerum Novarum which also is considered a major basis of modern Catholic teachings. The use of the text, particularly its emphasis on the value of corporatism and labor, and the Romanization of the Roman Empire was used to validate fascism to the public (218-222). Mussolini’s rise to the premiership was an effort on the part of King Victor Emmanuel III to avoid a civil war the abolition of the monarchy similar to France (112). Payne points out that fascism rose from the lack of effectivity of the Italian government to direct the country during the economic and political crisis with the overall decline of Europe as a world power in the turn of the twentieth century (218). The sentiment was that there was a need for decisive action to solve the country’s problems and bring back its position as a leader in Europe. The motivation was to protect not only Italy’s future but also to preserve its history and culture which was considered under threat because of the social developments in the region. Italian Fascism The development of the Fascism in Italy is credited by Payne to the economic and social conditions after World War I, the Great Depression and the collapse of governments in the European continent for creating the platform and the support for the movement (72-77). At the beginning of his government, there was significant representation in the parliament however Mussolini granted greater representation to his political allies with the objective of developing a totalitarian state with himself as the head. Using fascist ideologies and propaganda, the Fasci di Combattimento was integrated to become part of the Italian army Italy was unified to become a single state under the Acerbo Law as well as the allowed for the liberalization of market, rent and labor unions. Though there were existing opposition to Mussolini that were prompting King Victor’s dismissal of the prime minister, Mussolini was able to maintain power through intimidation and the use of fascist propaganda. How to cite Understanding Fascism, Papers

Observing and Tracking Project Progress †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Observing and Tracking Project Progress. Answer: Introduction I have always been keen on observing and tracking project progress and remember observing a 56 story building being conducted on my way to school over a 3 year period and gradually watch it grow than finished and gradually opening its gates to the public. When I recall these projects I can only imagine the scale and skills the project manager required to complete this task. More recently I remember tracking the palm islands being constructed in Dubai which again mesmerized me due to the scale of the project(Hobbs, 2009). These were the projects which captured my attention as I also want to be part of a major project of such a scale. Reflect on your time in this module and share important milestones of your journey with your peers. What about the module will have the greatest influence on your future? With my objective and career goals and objectives set it was time to focus on my education which is a basic requirement for every engineer. I would need to master the skills and qualification need for project management after which would need to secure important insight and experience. This would allow me to gradually build my rank and reputation thus allowing me to reach towards my goals and target. But project management has not been as simple as it seemed and attending college has helped me identify important factors influencing the successful project management (Kerzner, 2017). The subjects modules have helped me comprehend the requirements of the profession as well as allowed accumulate considerable and important insight from peers regarding the subject and profession. The modules have helped me understand that simply having theoretical and bookish knowledge is not adequate to achieve high levels of success and young project engineers must adopt an open-minded view towards the s ubject and profession and be prepared to continue learning and from as many sources as possible thus helping they broaden their mind, knowledge, and experience. Explain how your preconceptions, thoughts, and expectations in managing projects were transformed during this module. I have always considered that Project management involved planning and site supervision but the module has helped open up my perceptions related to project management by introducing different steps of the process which I had not considered. Raw materials consistency, labour security, site location, environmental factors, risk management and HRM among many more factors have not been introduced to me during the module which has helped me gain a much wider perception related to project management requirements and what an individual must focus on so as to manage a project successfully. Project management involved the coordination of all operations, processes, and supplies to ensure consistent flow is available on the site so as to ensure continuity(Rowe, 2015). This is critical to ensure the project remains operations throughout the year despite some raw materials and supplies being seasonal or having fluctuating prices. It also allows the project to set and remain on the project times t hus ensuring the project is delivered within the given timeframe. There are multiple factors linked to successful project management making it also important to involved technology to help with monitoring, tracking and reporting on the projects progress. All these factors have been What did you read, write and discuss that changed your way of thinking about being a project manager? Be specific and use examples to support your post. Each of the project management modules has delivered valuable insight towards my knowledge but as with any subject, there are modules which captured my attention and views linked to project management. The Risk Management and Master Production Scheduling (MPS) modules have been the most captivating modules during the course as they have helped capture my attention with regard to the subject and certain important areas which require closer attention(Reid Sanders, 2016). The risk management module helped me understand and better evaluate risks during a project thus helping avoid or even prevent risk from occurring. The module would be important as it would help reduce accidents by helping with risk analysis which is a basic requirement every project must have in place to minimize danger to its operation, workforce, and community. The Master Production Scheduling (MPS) module was another module which has helped capture my attention as it opened up a new perspective liked to project management which I had not anticipated. Previously I considered project supplies to be ordered when required but this module helped educate me regarding the requirement of future stock planning. This ensures consistency thus allowing the project to plan ahead and schedule raw materials and other supplies which will be used during the course of several months thus ensuring raw materials securing for those months. On the other hand, it also allows the business to plan ahead which ensures the supply stocks are orders beforehand while keeping in mind storage space to ensure consistent operations. Using this master production schedule the raw materials quality, stock purchase plans and storage plans can be developed which is a critical requirement for every project's operations. Conclusion The project management program has helped open my eyes regarding details each project manager must follow so to ensure projects are planned and implemented within the specified timeframe and budget. Project planning is also not limited to a specific time limit and can continue making it important for the managers are able to manage the operations to ensure projects meet their long-term goals. References: Hobbs, P., 2009. Project management. London: Dorling Kindersley Ltd. Kerzner, H., 2017. Project Management Case Studies. John Wiley Sons. Reid, R.D. Sanders, N.R., 2016. Operations Management: An Integrated Approach. 6th ed. Wiley. Rowe, S.F., 2015. Project Management for Small Projects. 2nd ed. Management Concepts Inc.

The Nature of the Beast and Harassment Blues free essay sample

A discussion on the views of two contrasting authors Anita Hill and Naomi Munson on ethics in sexual harassment. The following paper compares the way in which Anita Hill and Naomi Munson formulate their arguments in their articles The Nature of the Beast (Anita Hill) and Harassment Blues (Naomi Munson). The writer argues that neither Hill nor Munson look at society as a whole, since both authors focus on the sexual harassment of women, without mentioning cases where men are the victims. This paper asserts that their approach is based more on the rights of the individual and a pro or anti-feminist stance than on any utilitarian or egalitarian perspective. Sexual harassment can be seen on many levels as down to the views of individuals. However, there is also a degree of ethical value involved as what one person may perceive as a bawdy joke, another may take as sexual harassment. We will write a custom essay sample on The Nature of the Beast and Harassment Blues or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To achieve fairness though, society does not just consider the views of individuals, but instead tends to look upon the needs of the whole. This means that for the greater good of society the needs of all are greater than those of a single person and this can be related to utilitarianism. The basis of this doctrine is that the value of any item or service is determined only by its usefulness. In adopting this philosophy a state should pursue actions that will bring about the most benefit to the largest number of citizens. In utilitarianism the greatest benefit is seen as the actions that result in the greatest happiness, which by any interpretation is a controversial view.

Why should we recycle. Essay Example

Why should we recycle. Essay Example Why should we recycle. Essay Why should we recycle. Essay The recycling process involves the collection, separation and reprocessing already used materials into new products. The process is so called because the process undergoes a severally the cycle of manufacture; production, use†¦The recycling process involves the collection, separation and reprocessing already used materials into new products. The process is so called because the process undergoes a severally the cycle of manufacture; production, use. Recycling reduces the likelihood of wasting of useful materials and the process thereof of production as well as reducing consumption of fresh raw materials. There are two major forms of recycling: salvaging and reusing. Salvaging is a waste sorting technique in which parts or materials that have intrinsic value or are hazardous in nature are collected and separated in materials recovery facilities. Reuse on the other hand is the using again of a material that had already been used (Porter, 2002).ThesisDue to rapidly dwindling resour ces it has become imperative to recycle due to the potential of recycled materials to save enormously in terms of resources required for fresh production as well as the potential of recycled materials to remain in circulation virtually for a long time.Virtually everything can be recycled. However some materials when recycled tend to loose their properties, quality or their size (like paper, cardboard) while others like steel and aluminum tend to remain the same in quantity and quality after recycling. Some of the materials that can be recycled include aluminum, waste paper, glass, steel cans, cardboard, newspapers certain plastics and many other materials. These can find their way back to the consumers in a the same form or a different ones. For example when glass is recycled, it can be remanufactured into glass containers, laundry detergent bottles, steel framing, office paper, roofing, pipes and much more (Porter, 2002).Some of the materials that are widely used and therefore offe r a very viable choice for mass recycling due to their ability to save on the cost of energy used in production of new ones are aluminium, plastics, glass and other miscellaneous wastes such as nail polish, paint thinner, batteries.AluminumIt is estimated that about 24 million tones of aluminum is produced annually in the world. Of these, it is approximated that about 29 cans are produced for every pound of aluminum produced in the U.S. (Purdue, 2003). Majority of these cans are used for beer and soft drinks (99% of beer packaging is aluminum based while 97% soft drinks are packaged in aluminum cans) but only about 40% of the cans are post-consumer recycled (Donald, 2002). Given the fact that it requires only about 5% as much energy to recycle an aluminum can than when produced from virgin ore, there would be no need for mining new ores since about 3.1 million tones of aluminum waste is generated accounting for about 1.5% of the total municipal waste of the united states. There can be a sizable amount of savings if aluminum is completely recycled (Ackerman, 1996).PlasticsPlastic is the most used material on earth. It has been established that on average, an American car contains about 300pounds of plastic of about 60 different resins, about 10% of all the earnings of a grocery store are used to buy paper and plastic packaging. Cumulatively, plastic contributes about 23.9% (by volume) of all municipal waste in the U.S. however out of these only about 0.9 million tons of plastic (accounting for 4.7% of all the plastic used) were recycled (Purdue, 2003). The amount spent on manufacturing new plastic could have been reduced had all the plastic been recycled since there is no additional cost or energy required in recycling plastics (Donald, 2002).GlassAnnually about 41 billion glass containers were produced in the U.S. alone in shades of clear (about 64% of the total), brown (23%) and green (13%) this is according to research carried out by Purdue University (Purdu e, 2003) in 1992.Glass containers are 64% clear, 23% brown, and 13% green. The glass generated a total waste of approximately 13.3 million tons of glass contributing 6.3% of total U.S municipal waste. Of these only 35% was recycled which is very low for a commodity which is said that one glass jar recycled can produce energy to power a 100watt light bulb for about four hours (Ackerman, 1996).Other miscellaneous wastesIt is this class of goods that produce most of the municipal waste of the U.S. while some of them cannot be classified under ‘recyclable’ goods, a significant amount can be salvaged or reused.The materials that end up in waste that could be better reused   include durable goods, such as television sets, refrigerators and other home electronics which contributed about   16% of the   U.S. municipal solid waste (by weight, 25.5 million tons of solid waste). The amount of energy used to make each component cannot be compared to the cost that can be incurr ed by producing a new one. Their mode of recycling can be sale by salvaging parts that can be reused (PA Department of Environmental Protection. 2008).Having looked at the various forms of materials and their benefits in terms of energy savings if they are recycled rather than produced from scratch, we can deduce that overall recycling affords the best solution to efficient use of available energy.

How to identify workplace harassment

How to identify workplace harassment If you’ve been paying attention to the news or social media lately, chances are you’ve seen some of the heartbreaking stories and backlash from sexual harassment in industries like entertainment, news, and politics. #Metoo has become an inescapable part of our landscape, as women (and men too) share stories about how people in positions of power took advantage of them in highly inappropriate ways, ranging from the unprofessional to the criminal. The sheer force of this movement can feel overwhelming- but while we get story after story of public figures involved in sexual harassment, it’s also important to know what these issues may look like in everyday life, for the rest of us. Before we get started, an important note: if you have been harassed, or think a colleague’s or boss’s behavior has crossed a legal line, you should seek out specific legal advice right away. And if you suspect you may have been the victim of workplace harassment but arenâ₠¬â„¢t sure, the first place you should go is to your company’s Human Resources department. This is what they’re there for- acting as a neutral resource to help you identify, report, and resolve problematic behavior or actions in the work environment. We’ve put together some resources and information for reference, but if you’re facing harassment at work you should always seek the qualified help of professionals who are highly trained in workplace harassment issues.What is workplace harassment?Workplace harassment can take many different forms. Sometimes it’s obvious. It can be blatant sexual or personal requests from a colleague, client, or boss, like:I’ll give you a promotion if you sleep with me.If you don’t do this for me, I’ll fire you.I can make it worth your while if you come have a few drinks with me.I’ll give you more business if you take care of me, *wink wink*.Harassment can also be subtler and more insidious, such as personal comments that make you feel uncomfortable or highly personal topics of conversation that aren’t relevant to your work. This is sometimes known as a â€Å"hostile work environment.†Examples of this type of harassment could include:Telling dirty or inappropriate jokes at workCommenting on physical attributesMaking suggestive comments in emails or on social mediaDisplaying suggestive pictures or websitesMaking sexual innuendosUnnecessary touching without consentUnwelcome sexual advances, or persistent requests for dates or other personal favorsPersonal ridicule or mockerySabotaging others’ work or otherwise interfering with work performanceOpen discrimination or commentary based on gender, race, sexual preference, or other personal attributesThis kind of harassment isn’t necessarily always sexual- it can also be considered workplace bullying. Whether there’s a sexual component or not, personal harassment is never okay. Essentially, if someone is being singled out or targeted for personal reasons and not professional, it could be harassment. And even if someone is being singled out for ostensibly professional reasons, there’s still a line of professionalism that companies and employees are required to follow. Once that commentary or behavior crosses into the personal, it could qualify as harassment. If you feel uncomfortable with the behavior of someone in the workplace, that’s usually a red flag.Per Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, sexual harassment is considered a form of illegal discrimination in the workplace, which means victims are protected by federal law. If harassment is done on the basis of race, gender, sexual orientation, or religion, victims may also be protected under Title VII. If the harassing behavior is unwelcome and creates a hostile work environment, that can create a situation where the employer is legally liable for the harassment.Who’s affected by harassment?S exual or other harassment can happen to anyone, anytime, in any kind of professional environment. We often hear stories about it happening between a boss and an underling, but in reality it can happen with supervisors, colleagues, clients, or other people who are involved in a professional capacity. A supervisor can be harassed by an employee.And it’s important to note that no particular gender or group has a lock on sexual harassment. Although 1 in 3 women between the ages of 18 and 34 report having experienced sexual harassment on the job at some point during their careers, this problem is not limited to female victims- men experience this kind of harassment as well. Harassment comes in all shapes and sizes, and harassers are not always stereotypical boss figures. Anyone who makes you feel personally uncomfortable in the workplace is a red flag.What to do if you’re being harassedAccording to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), as much as 70% of s exual harassment goes unreported, often because victims are afraid of retaliation or just don’t feel comfortable coming forward with their experiences. If you’ve experienced harassment (or have seen it happen at your work), you’re protected.Know that it’s not your fault. If you’re experiencing sexual or other harassment in the workplace, you didn’t bring this on yourself- it’s on the harasser. You’re legally entitled to having a safe, professional working environment.Know you’re not alone. In a comprehensive, eye-opening 2016 report on workplace harassment, the EEOC found that between 25% and 85% of women reported sexual harassment in the workplace. The variation is likely due to people’s hesitation to report harassment, but no matter what, the figure is staggering- at least 1 in 4 women have experienced harassment. The numbers are rising for men reporting harassment as well: a 2012 study by the EEOC revealed that approximately 17% of men had experienced sexual harassment at work. It’s a widespread problem that has often been kept hidden.Know your rights. If you’ve been harassed, or think you may have been, it’s important to know what your rights are. The American Association of University Women (AAUW) has a detailed reference guide about how to handle the issue from several different perspectives, giving information on how employees, colleagues, and employers can resolve harassment claims.Talk about it with someone trusted. This can be a trusted confidante, but if you’re experiencing harassment or have witnessed it and want to take steps to resolve the issue, your company’s HR department is a good first resource. They can help you by confirming your company’s harassment policies and either resolve the issue internally or help you with the next steps of a formal complaint. Employment attorneys can give you a sense of the legal perspective if you thin k the harassment rises to the level of a legal issue. Always consult with legal and professional resources to determine what you can do officially to document and report the problem.One of the hardest takeaways in this post-Harvey Weinstein era has been discovering how widespread and pervasive the culture of harassment can be in the workplace. Ideally, it’s not something you’ll ever face in your career, but if you’re one of the growing numbers of women and men dealing with harassment (or bringing it to light), understand that you’re not alone and there are resources out there that can help you.

Humanitarian Cases in Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Humanitarian Cases in Africa - Essay Example Several different causes may have played a vital role in the stimulation of this famine, most prominent being lack of rain and inability of the Government officials to provide sufficient funds to the agricultural and irrigation schemes of the country. Out of the four countries majorly affected, the most affected one is Somalia, where at least 6 out of 10,000 children are dying everyday due to inadequate amount and poor quality of edible material. (BBC News 2011) The question here rises as to why is Somalia most affected by this nature’sdisaster? According to senior journalists and analysts, Somalia had become a failed state since its establishment collapsed in the earlier 1990s. Adding to the situation, the major areas of the country including Southern, Central and the famine affected areas are under the control of a militant group called â€Å"al-Shabab† which is said to have links with â€Å"al-Qaeda†. People of Somalia, after two decades of non-stop struggle for their land, were already in astate where they fought for their very existence everyday. And when one thinks that what would be worse than this, the al-Shabab group forces out most of the Western Agencies from the areas under their control in 2009, which were mostly working for the aid of the aboriginals.(BBC News 2011; Ross 2011) A major portion of the people living in countries of Somalia, Ethiopia and Kenya, are pastoralists and nomads. They are mostly dependent on earning from livestock. But the intensity of the famine is so severe that even their drought-resistant camels also could not bear this famine and died. And their farms will now take many years of rain to recover to their previous state. The famine-hit areas of Somalia mostly receive rain in the month of November and the people who fled the famine are unlikely to return any time soon to plant crops in their fields. A prediction has been made by The Famine Early System Network that thewhole of Somalia is likely to experience a famine in the upcoming months.The area of Lower Shebelle which was considered as the bread-basket of Somalia has also been affected severely by the drought which forced many of the famers and businessmen to find an alternate for their home. (BBC News 2011) It has been reported that some 10,000 people have entered in the city of Mogadishu during the last two months with the plans of aiding the natives by several methods possible. While at the same time, danger and the fear of the al-Shabab group has made it difficult for the aiding agencies to perform their functions effectively. However it has been said that al-Shabab group has been escorted out of this city but still some armed members of this group can be seen patrolling certain areas. (Ross 2011) African pastoralists are among the most famine-vulnerable groups in the modern world. The long-term results of the famine crisis can be great or small, depending, in part, the form of relief. When famine strikes, the first problem which may arise is related to the transportation of food to the affected people. Can ways be found to offer relief to the pastoralists who discourage the formation of camps? For pragmatic reasons, donors or governments must institute food-for-work projects, how well can these involve the affected people in decisions regarding the o bjectives and beneficiaries of work? Where the traditional political leadership is credible and respected, can relief be administered in a manner which is more sensitive to such structures, even to the point of simply giving the relief food to the elders to distribute in a local fashion? The types of long-term development into which agencies and governments often drift

Seagull steal chips Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Seagull steal chips - Essay Example He has become famous due to his tricks hence earning a nickname, Sam. Surprisingly, there are customers who enjoy his tactics thereby offering to pay for the bags of crisps he steals. This is to enable him continue taking the crisps so that he may always have something to eat (Gunzenhauser and Countryman 33). The shop attendant says that the bird prefers only a specific kind of crisps which he has perfected his arts on taking. His act amazes both staff and customers hence he has become a celebrated seagull as compared to the others. This paper is a discussion on a superhero like the seagull, Sam. A superhero is a courageous person who portrays a strong ability and willingness to face the fears of life. Superheroes withstand injustices and take risks for the sake of others. They can rise even after being beaten down. Sam, the crafty seagull, overwhelmed with hunger, just courageously leaped into the shop one day. He successfully managed to pounce on a bag of chips without being caught by the shop manager. This act has become a habitual thing hence has got used to picking crisps from the store every time he gets in (Coan, Kroll and Petersen 35). A superhero portrays the quality of selflessness thereby putting more emphasis on the interests of than theirs. Sam is so popular for picking crisps from the store on a daily basis. After risking helping himself on the crisps, he is joined by other seagulls in enjoying the nice and favorite meal. He does not struggle to send them away for playing no role in getting it from the shop. In fact, after having his fill, he leaves the remaining crisps and waits for the next time to fulfill his routine duty. Superheroes are opportunistic; that is, they wait for a chance to manifest and immediately take advantage of it. Sam, the seagull-cum-shoplifter, regularly steals a bag of chips from the shop on a daily basis. He waits for the opening of the shop, ensures the shop attendant is behind the counter or has his

High School Graduation Essay Example for Free

High School Graduation Essay Throughout life people go through so many hardships. Whether it be good or bad there is always something that comes out of the situation. One of the most exciting but yet scariest events would be graduation. So it was the day before graduation and we were having our graduation practice. Standing outside in the line alphabetical order me and classmates talked and waited for practice to start. The sun was beating down, the smell of fresh cut grass filled out our nose. We were all just ready to get it over with. Sitting talking with my classmates discussing our future plans. Debating whether or not we will miss high school, but knowing we will definitely miss each other. So finally it came to practice walking across the stage, so the assistant principle called my name and shook my hand and handed me my mini diploma. Then it finally hit me like a speeding express train, I was about to graduate. May 18th 2012, finally it was here the day of my commencement. I can almost remember that day like it was yesterday, I awoke like on any other school day. That day was crazy, I was running errands and preparing for my graduation and after party. So the time had come for me to put on my blue and gold cap and gown with my gold cords which I had worked so hard for. I had so much sense of pride at the moment all I needed was my diploma in my hand. So the final moment had come and it was time to walk the field. The music stared and we proceeded to walk down the field to our seats. Glancing out at the packed stands I could see my family and friends. While waiting for my name to be called, I reminisced on all the good times I’ve had in high school and all the friendships I’ve made. Finally my row was directed to get up and proceed to the stage and my heart was racing. Thinking it was finally over, no more high school. I hear my name called and I hear all of my family and friends screaming and clapping for me and it made everything I had done to achieve the diploma my principle handed me after shaking my hand. As I was walking back to my seat with my diploma I was envisioning that I had just closed one chapter to my life and I was excited to embark or my next journey. Graduation is an exciting time in a person’s life, especially a high school graduation. When I think of family and friends gathering together to celebrate a joyous occasion, I feel I accomplished my strongest goal. It never occurred to me that graduation would be the end of my youth and the start of adulthood. Graduating from high school was an influential event that gave me a new outlook on life.

The American Media and the Exploitation of Men :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument

The American Media and the Exploitation of Men Men’s rights in the media are deliberately ignored today on TV and in the newspapers. Men have a social obligation to get married, have children, and support the family by going to work eight hours a day. Not many people think that men don’t have these obligations in life. Warren Farrell it talks about how men’s expectations are unfair in the world today in the article â€Å"Men as Success Objects† by (page 185). Intentions for marriage have changed over the last millennium. From personal fulfillment, relationship, to love both men and women have their reasons for getting married. But with marriage there’s sometimes a divorce that comes with it, which has increased during the years. Because media focus on the women’s rights, most people don’t understand the sexism directed against men. The idea â€Å"men are jerks† is thought by women which have dominated the media. Along with fighting the degrading advertisements on the TV, men also have to live up to the obligation of bringing home a salary. Women marry men who are successful or have â€Å"potential† to make money in the world today. There are only a small percentage of men who will marry a woman because of her â€Å"potential†. More people need to recognize the unequal treatment men get these days. In the article â€Å"Marriage, Horror, and Susan Reimer,† the author expresses his disgust for the idea of marriage and having children. The woman Susan Reimer represents every American woman who thinks that no one is good enough for her. Every â€Å"Susan† says that they despise men, yet they want to get married and have babies. These kinds of women will rape men in divorce courts, which should convince men to avoid them. Marriage can also do permanent financial damage to men, which is why being single is not a bad idea in these times. Men should always think twice about having children. From bad schooling to divorce can have permanent damage on a child. Despite what women say, having children should not be a priority. Because of the women’s attitudes towards men today in America, it is recommended to find a wife somewhere overseas. Both of the texts have a strong point on men’s rights, and the perception on what women really want out of men. The authors would probably agree that men are being treated unfairly compared to women these days.

Company as a Separate Legal Entity Essay

A legal entity, typically a business, that is defined as detached from another business or individual with respect to accountability. A separate legal entity may be set up in the case of a corporation or a limited liability company, to separate the actions of the entity from those of the individual or other company. Meaning: If a business is a separate legal entity, it means it has some of the same rights in law as a person. It is, for example, able to enter contracts. In New Zealand, a company is a separate legal entity from its owners (shareholders) and can, for example, be sued, and enter into contracts in the name of the company, not the shareholders. Sole traders and partnerships are not separate legal, entities from the owners. Some Business entities like corporation, LLC can exist separately from its owners. In a common language that a corporation is a separate entity of its owners and corporation itself is an entity like human being created through legal or official process. Corporation lives and does its activities at its own existences and is treated in its own capacity. It does the business, it generates the revenue, it can incur losses, it hires the employees and it pays its own taxes. It is a better form of existence for the reason it takes its responsibilities itself, owners are free from their personal liabilities and owners enjoy limited personal liability (risk) only up to their investments in stocks, though there may be certain situations where their personal responsibilities can exceed from limited liability concept. Separate Entity Concept is better choice and it has better features because corporation enjoys separate entity concept, has indefinite life (perpetual). Management and ownership may change but corporation will exist indefinitely at its own existence, unless it is officially dissolved or merged. Corporation has a better scope for large & multiple businesses, expending business, securing debts, attracting investors, retaining professional setup and engaging professional management, promoting & achieving new ideal, expanding its activities at local to global level. Under Separate Entity Concept, Corporation is treated in its own capacity, but it is not a human being, it is an artificial being, therefore, it has to be managed by people in different capacities such as owners, The shareholders were Mr. Salomon,his wife, daughter and four sons. Two of his sons became directors; Mr. Salomon himself was managing director. Mr. Salomon owned 20,001 of the company’s 20,007 shares – the remaining six were shared individually between the other six shareholders. Mr. Salomon sold his business to the new corporation for almost ? 39,000, of which ? 10,000 was a debt to him. He was thus simultaneously the company’s principal shareholder and its principal creditor. Transfer of the business took place on June 1, 1892. The purchase money the company paid to Mr. Salomon for the business was ? 20,000. The company also gave Mr. Salomon ? 10,000 in debentures: that is, Salomon gave the company a ? 10,000 loan, secured by a charge over the assets of the company. The balance paid went to extinguish the business’s debts (? 1,000 of which was cash to Salomon). Soon after Mr. Salomon incorporated his business a series of strikes in the shoe industry led the government, Salomon’s main customer, to split its contracts among more firms. The government wanted to diversify its supply base to avoid the risk of its few suppliers being crippled by strikes. His warehouse, as a consequence, was full of unsold stock. He and his wife lent the company money, and he cancelled his debentures, but the company needed more money, so they sought ? 5,000 from a Mr. Edmund Broderip. Mr. Salomon assigned Broderip his debenture, the loan with ten per cent interest and secured by a floating charge. But Salomon’s business still failed, and he could not keep up with the interest payments. In October 1893, Broderip sued to enforce his security. The company was put into liquidation. Broderip was repaid his ? ,000, and the debenture was reassigned to Salomon, who retained the floating charge over the company JUDGMENT High Court: When the company went into liquidation, the liquidator argued that the debentures used by Mr. Salomon as security for the debt were invalid, on the grounds of fraud. The judge, Vaughan Williams J. accepted this argument, ruling that since Mr. Salomon had created the company solely to transfer his business to it, the company was in reality his agent and he as principal was liable for debts to unsecured creditors. Court Of Appeal: The Court of Appeal also ruled against Mr. Salomon, though on the grounds that Mr. Salomon had abused the privileges of incorporation and limited liability, which the Legislature had intended only to confer on â€Å"independent bona fide shareholders, who had a mind and will of their own and were not mere puppets†. The Lords: The House of Lords unanimously overturned this decision, rejecting the arguments from agency and fraud. They held that there was nothing in the Act about whether the subscribers (i. e. he shareholders) should be independent of the majority shareholder. The company was duly constituted in law and it was not the function of judges to read into the statute limitations they themselves considered expedient. The 1862 Act created limited liability companies as legal persons separate and distinct from the shareholders. Lord Halsbury stated that the statute â€Å"enacts nothing as to the extent or degree of interest which may be held by each of t he seven [shareholders] or as to the proportion of interest or influence possessed by one or the majority over the others. Lord Halsbury remarked that – even if he were to accept the proposition that judges were at liberty to insert words to manifest the intention they wished to impute to the Legislature – he was unable to discover what affirmative proposition the Court of Appeal’s logic suggested. He considered that identifying such an affirmative proposition represented an â€Å"insuperable difficulty† for anyone putting forward the argument propounded by the lord justices of appeal. Lord Herschell noted the potentially â€Å"far reaching† implications of the Court of Appeal’s logic and that in recent years many companies had been set up in which one or more of the seven shareholders were â€Å"disinterested persons† who did not wield any influence over the management of the company. Anyone dealing with such a company was aware of its nature as such, and could by consulting the register of shareholders become aware of the breakdown of share ownership among the shareholders. Lord Macnaghten asked what was wrong with Mr. Salomon taking advantage of the provisions set out in the statute, as he was perfectly legitimately entitled to do. It was not the function of judges to read limitations into a statute on the basis of their own personal view that, if the laws of the land allowed such a thing, they were â€Å"in a most lamentable state†, as Malins V-C had stated in an earlier case in point, In Re Baglan Hall Colliery Co. , which had likewise been overturned by the House of Lords.

Communication and Positive Relationships Essay

Module 1 Activities Q1.1 Why is it important that you are able to communicate effectively with people in your job role? Good communication is very important when working with children, young people, their families and carers. By being able to communicate effectively I am making sure that I am understood and understanding too. People, especially children respond well to positive communication, and by being able to communicate effectively with children I will be able to identify their strengths and weaknesses and be able to support them if it be needed. Being able to communicate effectively with colleagues means I will be able to discuss lessons, pupils progress and any problems that may arise, and if I am able to communicate effectively with parents and carers then I will be able to discuss pupil progress etc in a professional manner that would not be offending. Another reason why being able to communicate effectively is important is that it helps build a good rapport and builds trust between the workforce, children, young people and their carers. Q1.2 Explain your different styles of communication when: a) noticing that a Foundation age child is becoming distressed during a group activity in the Numeracy session I will come down to the level of the child and ask if they understood the session or if they found it difficult. I would be understanding. I will give the child the opportunity to express their thoughts on the lesson in the hope that I will then be able to asses why the child was becoming distressed and be able to resolve the issue so that the child felt confident enough to carry on. â€Å"Children learn best when they are enabled to express themselves †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (http://www.nicurriculum.org.uk/docs/foundation_stage/UF_web.pdf) b) noticing that a Year 7 child is becoming distressed during a group activity in the Maths lesson I will ask the child to move away from the group so they didn’t feel humiliated in front of their peers. I will not  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœtalk down’ to them; rather I will be respectful and understanding. I will give the child an opportunity to express their thoughts on why they were becoming distressed; maybe they didn’t understand the activity or were uncomfortable with the group they were put with? I will try my best to resolve any issues that the child may have, so the child knows that he was heard and not feel that he was ignored. c) Supporting a child with Asperger’s Syndrome during a role play activity about going on holiday Most children with Asperger’s syndrome like routine and structure ‘People with Asperger’s syndrome often have trouble understanding the â€Å"big picture† and tend to see part of a situation rather than the whole.â⠂¬â„¢ (http://www.webmd.com/brain/autism/tc/aspergers-syndrome-home-treatment) I will explain the activity to the child in a simple manner and give the child the opportunity to decide on what he wants to say without overpowering him. I will make sure the child understands what is going on in the activity and throughout the role play, and also make sure that he is not getting distressed. I will make sure he is comfortable when interacting with other children and that he understands what the activity is about. Children with Aspergers syndrome find it difficult to socialise, so I will talk to the child and make him feel comfortable about the role play. I will not demand, instead I will suggest so the child doesn’t feel like he is being pushed in to doing something he is not comfortable with as this will result in him becoming distressed. d) Supporting a child with hearing impairment during a role play activity about going on holiday I will firstly ensure that the activity is taking place in an area which is quiet so the child does not have difficulties in hearing. I will speak to the child, coming down to his level, and in a clear voice making sure he has understood the activity. I will use visual aids about the activity, pictures about going on holiday etc, making sure the child is comfortable with the role play. I will ensure all other children taking part in the role play speak in a loud clear voice, and that the child is sat in a place where he will be able to communicate with the others effectively. I will ensure the child is not getting distressed throughout the activity by staying close to the child and asking him at intervals ensuring that he is comfortable. Q1.3 You are concerned about the behaviour of one of the children with whom you are involved. You believe that this is due to learning development problems, and suspect this may be due to underlying medical issues. Explain how you would ensure that effective communication is maintained when discussing these issues with the child’s parent, the assigned teacher and other external professionals. When discussing these issues with the child’s parent I will make sure I am kind and considerate. I will ensure that the parents’ know that they are involved in all decisions affecting their child’s education and learning. I will be respectful, avoid being judgemental and also remember to be positive, as parents enjoy positive communication. I will include positive aspects of the child’s performance. I will listen to the parents input and there point of view. ‘†¦ Surveyed parents wanted to be treated with respect and as equals when communicating with educators. Parents are not looking for a cold, professional approach from school staff. Rather, teachers who develop a â€Å"personal touch† in their communication style achieve enhanced school relationships.’ Communicating with Parents: Strategies for Teachers, Susan Graham-Clay When discussing these issues with the teacher and other external professionals I will be non judgemental, be respectful towards the child and be sure to communicate in a way that all information is passed on accurately regarding the child’s behaviour and any other issues that there may be. Q1.4 How can a HLTA help pupils to understand why it is necessary to behave appropriately during lessons? ‘It’s far more effective to encourage good behaviour rather than deal with misbehaviour as it arises’ http://newteachers.tes.co.uk/content/top-10-strategies-encouraging-good-behaviour A HLTA can help pupils understand why it is necessary to behave appropriately by firstly being aware of the schools policy on behaviour, then making the  pupils aware of the policies regarding acceptable behaviour at the school. Pupils can be told how inappropriate behaviour can disrupt the learning process of others and the teaching process. A poster of class rules/expected behaviour can be put up in the classroom so pupils are aware of what kind of behaviour is expected from them in the school. The pupils should be made aware of what is expected of them and a consistent approach should be upheld regarding this. Q1.5 Speak to a classroom teacher and ask them about the most important things they expect from their pupils in terms of behaviour. Record them below and state whether you agree or disagree with their expectations. If there are expectations you did not agree with, think about why you did not agree. Record your thoughts here and discuss with the teacher. Participate in class discussions-Disagree Some students are not comfortable when having to speak up in class discussions. This should not be expected from all students and should not be thought of as misbehaving if students are not participating with class discussions. Hand work in on time given-Disagree It should be expected that some students may not be able to hand their work in on the time given, this can be due to learning difficulties, some students may need extra support and time in completing their work. Some students may be experiencing problems at home etc which has not made it possible for them to complete their work on time Q1.6 Say how you as a HLTA would deal with each of the following situations (Figures in brackets give the age of the pupil) Amy (13) calls Jasmine (11) a ‘chav’. I would first report the incident to the class teacher, and then I would move Amy to a different place so she does not feel humiliated and give her time to calm down and a chance to explain why she said what she did to Jasmine. I will keep an open mind and stay calm and supportive so as to not inflame the situation further. When the teacher is dealing with the situation I will make sure the rest of the class is not disrupted by keeping them on task I will see how jasmine has been affected by this and make sure she is ok. Susan (8) pulls the hair of the girl sitting next to her I will be sure to not shout as this will not solve the problem, firstly I  will move Susan away to a different place and then inform the teacher. I will give Susan time to calm down before I attempt to examine the problem, I will listen to her and show that I am interested in her feelings. I will explain how this kind of behaviour is not acceptable, I will criticise the behaviour and not Susan, and I will explain how her actions affect others around her During a whole-class activity, Jack (11) gets up and wanders round the classroom, looking at other pupils work and distracting them. I would ask Jack to return to his place and praise him when he does so. I will speak to Jack away from the rest of the pupils asking him why he was wandering around the class, maybe he wasn’t sure about the class activity, I will remind him of the class rules and explain how his behaviour was disrupting the rest of the class You hear Tom (13) threaten to ‘knife’ Paul (12) when they get out of school. I will speak to Tom calmly and ask him what was making him angry, I will show him that I am interested and want to help. I will give him time to calm down. I will tell the class teacher so she is aware of the situation and can tell the appropriate people at the school to ensure the safety of the pupils. You ask Mohammed (5) to stop talking while the teacher is talking and he swears at you I will keep calm and not shout or get angry. I will condemn the behaviour and not Mohammed so he does not feel humiliated. I will explain to the class why using this kind of language is inappropriate and how it hurts people’s feelings etc I will encourage good behaviour and praise Mohammed for doing good so he learns the difference between praise on good behaviour and being reprimanded for unacceptable behaviour. Carla (13) and Rani (13) have an argument over a pencil. Carla is racially abusive to Rani and grabs Rani’s wrist to force her to give her the pencil. I will tell Carla to move to a different place away from the class, and give her some time to reflect and think. I will inform the class teacher of what has happened and ensure that Rani is ok I will give Carla the chance to  speak, reminding her that being racially abusive was wrong and how she thought Rani may be feeling. I will not shout or become angry, I will remain calm and not criticise her behaviour You come across Chris (14) and Sam (15) smoking at the top of the playing fields I will ask both boys politely to stop smoking and get rid of the cigarettes and to also give me any other cigarettes that they may have. I will keep calm and not become angry. I will ask them if they knew the dangers and ill effects of smoking and how it was dangerous to their health etc I will criticise the act and not the pupils I will report the incident to the class teacher You overhear Charlotte (14) and Jenny (14) discussing a sexually explicit scenario involving one of the male teachers. I will tell both the girls to move places and then report to the class teacher what I had heard. I will not become judgemental or angry; I will remain calm and explain why these kinds of discussions were inappropriate in the classroom. As this is a sensitive matter involving another teacher, I will inform the appropriate member of staff to deal with it accordingly, and make sure I clearly tell them what I had heard between the girls

Evaluating Textbooks

Evaluating Textbooks Free Online Research Papers Teachers are given the opportunity to instruct their students using various methods. The methods that teachers use can use will depend on several factors, such as what is needed for the curriculum and who the audience is. In order for teachers to be effective in their classrooms, it is important that practical and effective textbooks are available. This paper will discuss three methods that can be used to measure the reliability of a tenth grade history textbook. The methods that will be discussed in this paper are: the â€Å"Fry Reliability Formula†, the Cloze Procedure, and the Content Area Reading Inventory method (CARI). Fry Reliability Formula According to Weitzel (2007), a gentleman named Edward Fry first developed a this method for teachers in order to determine the readability of materials used in classes. â€Å"The Fry readability method is a manual tool that determines the grade level of writing by analyzing three, 100-word passages from a selected writing, taking the average number of syllables and the average number of sentences for each passage and plotting those numbers on a Fry graph,†(Weitzel, 2007). Scripts of the textbook: World History Patterns of Integration Passage 1: â€Å"The Polynesian voyaging canoe one of the great ocean-going craft of the ancient world, was the means by which generations of adventurous voyagers were able to extend the human frontier far out into the Pacific, discovering a vast realm of Oceanic Islands. By 1000 B.C., when Mediterranean sailors were sailing in their land-locked sea, the immediate ancestors of the Polynesians had reached the previous uninhabited archipelagos of Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Their descendants went on to settle all the habitable islands in a large triangular section bounded by the Hawaiian Archipelago† (Beck, 2005 p.s11). Passage 2: â€Å"The Assyrians employed military force to control a vast empire. In contrast, the Persians based their empire on tolerance and diplomacy. They relied on a strong military to back up their policies. Ancient Persia included what today is Iran. The Persian Homeland Indo-Europeans first migrated from central Europe and southern Russia to the mountain plateaus east of the Fertile Crescent around 1000 B.C. This area extended from the Caspian Sea in the North to the Persian Gulf in the South. In addition to the fertile farm land, ancient Iran boasted a wealth of minerals. These included copper, lead, gold, silver and gleaming blue lapis lazuli† (Beck, 2005 p.99). Passage 3: â€Å"The Greeks Invented drama as an art form an built their first theaters in the West. Theatrical productions in Athens were both an expression of civic pride and a tribute to the gods. As part of their civic duty, wealthy citizens bore the cost of producing the plays. Actors used colorful costumes, masks and sets to dramatize the stories. The plays were about leadership, justice, and the duties they owed to the gods. They often included a chorus, that danced, sang, and recited poetry. Tragedy and Comedy The Greeks wrote two kinds of drama†(Beck, 2005 p. 136). Assessment 100 Word Passages Syllables Sentences Passage 1 179 3 Passage 2 170 6 Passage 3 140 7 Average Average 163 5.3 Using the Fry Method three randomly selected passages were taken from the Textbook, World History Patterns of Interaction. Each passage was one hundred words. The syllables of each passage were counted as were the number of sentences. The average number of syllables was 163 per 100 words. The average number of sentences per 100 words was 5.3. Based on the Fry Graph, the textbook is written for tenth grade students, whose ages are typically 15 to 16 years of age. The Graph shows that the average number of syllables and sentences in the textbook that was examined was actually written for students who were between 18 or 19 years old (see Table 1). Table 1: Fry’s Formula using 10th Grade World History Textbook (source: Schrock, 2007) Cloze Procedure According to Lapp, Flood, Farnan, (1996) the Cloze Procedure looks at material to determine whether or not it suitable for students. â€Å"The cloze procedure consists of the systematic deletion of words from selected passages of text† (Lapp, 1996 et al., p 394). What this means is that teachers can decide if a textbook should be used in their classroom. According to Saskatoon Public Schools (2006), there are several reasons for teachers to use the Cloze Procedure: â€Å"To determine which cueing systems readers effectively employ to construct meaning from print† For assessment purposes to establish a student’s progress of the material. To allow students to keep track of what they are reading. To reinforce students â€Å"to think critically and analytically about text and content†. Cloze tests are usually used by teachers to make sure the assignments are appropriate for the students. According to Lapp et al. (1996), â€Å"Cloze tests typically are constructed using a passage from a selected textbook or other materials students will be expected to read during content area instruction.† What this means is that the teacher will choose a reading selection to review prior to given instruction. Additionally, the teacher will evaluate whether the readings will be effective. Lapp et al. (1996) recommend for teachers to select â€Å"a 250-300 word passage containing complete thought units or paragraphs be selected, and that the passages from the front of the textbook be used because later passages are likely to be laden with concepts built on previously read material†. In other words, Cloze tests use a specific number of words to establish whether a textbook is conducive to lessons. Additionally, the earlier sections of the textbooks are preferred for teachers to evaluate. The Cloze test was given to two high school sophomores. The test examines the students’ responses. The students were scored in three categories: The scores were rated as Frustration, Instructional, and Independent. Depending on what the student scores determines how a student is categorized. The students were administered the test. Student number 1 scored a _40__%, student number 2 scored a _39__%. This means both student #1 and #2 are categorized as reading in their Frustration level and did not comprehending their instruction. The results of the Cloze test were predictable due to the advanced level of the textbook. The results are similar to Fry’s assessment because the textbook is written for a higher age group. Moreover, the sophomore students were 15 years old and were not able to comprehend the textbooks. The results are different because the students were low on their score; however, they did comprehend some of the material in the passages. The expla nation for the discrepancies is due to the fact that the teacher may have been instructing the students to a higher level and due to the fact that the students may not have been adequately prepared for the assignment or materials that were covered. Cloze Test Given to Students Passage 1: â€Å"The Polynesian v_____ canoe one of the great ocean-going craft of the ancient world, was the means by which generations of a_________ voyagers were able to extend the human frontier far out into the Pacific, discovering a vast realm of O_____ Islands. By 1000 B.C., when M______ sailors were s______ in their land-locked sea, the immediate ancestors of the Polynesians had reached the previous uninhabited archipelagos of Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Their d________ went on to settle all the habitable islands in a large triangular section bounded by the Hawaiian Archipelago† (Beck, 2005 p.s11). Passage 2: â€Å"The Assyrians e______ military force to control a vast e______. In contrast, the Persians based their empire on tolerance and d_____. They relied on a s______ military to back up their policies. A______ Persia included what today is Iran. The Persian H______ Indo-Europeans first migrated from central Europe and southern Russia to t__ mountain plateaus east of the Fertile Cr_____ around 1000 B.C. This area extended from the C_____ Sea in the North to the Persian Gulf in the South. In addition to the f______ farm land, ancient Iran boasted a wealth of minerals. These included copper, lead, gold, silver and gleaming blue lapis lazuli† (Beck, 2005 p.99). Passage 3: â€Å"The Greeks I_____ drama as an art form an built their first t_______ in the West. Theatrical productions in Athens were both an e________ of civic pride and a tribute to the gods. As part of their civic duty, wealthy citizens bore the cost of p_______ the plays. Actors used colorful costumes, masks and s_____ to dramatize the stories. The plays were about leadership, justice, and the d_____ they owed to the gods. They often included a c____, that danced, sang, and recited poetry. Tragedy and Comedy The Greeks w____ two kinds of drama† (Beck et al., 2005, p. 136). Content Area Reading Inventory Another effective evaluation tool teachers can implement when reviewing their textbooks is the Content Area Reading Inventory (CARI). This method allows â€Å"teachers to discover to the extent to which students have developed the reading ability and study skills necessary to understand and learn successfully from content area materials† (Lapp et al., 1996). In other words, this method helps teachers to assess their students’ progress in class. CARI has three specific sections for assisting teachers with student assessments. The first section uses sections of the book and additional resources. The second section reviews the comprehension of new vocabulary. Finally, the third section assesses whether or not students are able to understand what they have read (Lapp et al., 1996). Passage Selected â€Å"The Polynesian voyaging canoe one of the great ocean-going craft of the ancient world, was the means by which generations of adventurous voyagers were able to extend the human frontier far out into the Pacific, discovering a vast realm of Oceanic Islands. By 1000 B.C., when Mediterranean sailors were sailing in their land-locked sea, the immediate ancestors of the Polynesians had reached the previous uninhabited archipelagos of Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Their descendants went on to settle all the habitable islands in a large triangular section bounded by the Hawaiian Archipelago† (Beck et al., 2005, p.s11). Nine Question Evaluation Given to Students 1. Describe what the word â€Å"uninhabited† means from the following excerpt â€Å"when Mediterranean sailors were sailing in their land-locked sea, the immediate ancestors of the Polynesians had reached the previous uninhabited archipelagos of Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean†. _________________________________________________________________ 2. Explain the meaning of voyagers from the following excerpt. â€Å"The Polynesian voyaging canoe one of the great ocean-going craft of the ancient world, was the means by which generations of adventurous voyagers were able to extend the human frontier far out into the Pacific, discovering a vast realm of Oceanic Islands.†_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Explain the meaning of land-locked from the following excerpt. â€Å"By 1000 B.C., when Mediterranean sailors were sailing in their land-locked sea.† 4. Identify the main mode of transport used by the Polynesian voyagers.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Name three islands the Polynesian Voyagers visited. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What year did this passage describe? ________________________ 7. Why was the Polynesian Voyage significant? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Why do you think some of the islands were uninhabited prior to the immediate ancestors to the Polynesians? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. What other means of transport do you think the Polynesians used prior to canoes? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Student #1 1. Correct 2. Correct 3. Correct 4. Correct 5. Correct 6. Correct 7. Correct 8. Correct 9. incorrect Student #2 1. correct 2. correct 3. correct 4. correct 5. correct 6. correct 7. correct 8. incorrect 9.incorrect Student #3 1. correct 2. correct 3. correct 4. correct 5. correct 6. correct 7. correct 8. incorrect 9.incorrect Student #4 1. incorrect 2. incorrect 3. correct 4.correct 5.correct 6.correct 7.incorrect 8. incorrect 9.incorrect Student #5 1. correct 2. correct 3.correct 4.correct 5.correct 6. blank 7. blank 8. blank 9.blank Results All of the students were correct in their first five answers, except for student #4. All students missed question #9. Additionally, it appears that most students had difficulties with the inferential questions, questions 7-9. Student #5 ran did not complete the last four questions. It appears that the class strengths are in vocabulary concepts and facts. The weakness for the group as a whole is in independent thought. Furthermore, student #4, received 4/9 correct which is a 44%. It appears this students has difficulties with both vocabulary concepts and with inferential questions and may need additional assistance. Moreover, lesson plans will need to be created for students to continue to use a higher level of thinking in order to assist students with their learning. Conclusion Teachers have many evaluation tools to utilize in their classrooms. One of the most important assessments teachers can use is making sure the textbooks are beneficial to the students learning goals. This paper discussed three methods that can be used by teachers to measure the reliability of a tenth grade history textbook. The methods reviewed were: the â€Å"Fry Reliability Formula†, the Cloze Procedure, and the Content Area Reading Inventory method. Although all of these methods can be used by teachers when evaluating the usefulness of a school textbook for students, teachers should also be mindful that these are only a few of the many methods that can be used for evaluating textbooks. Research Papers on Evaluating TextbooksStandardized TestingCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeMind TravelResearch Process Part OneIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalDefinition of Export QuotasBringing Democracy to AfricaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Ernest Hemingway about Writing Fictions

Ernest Hemingway about Writing Fictions Write Fictions like Ernest Hemingway The heritage of Ernest Hemingway is a remarkable phenomenon not only in the prose of the 20th century but also in the history of world literature in general. He created a big number of masterful stories which influenced the formation of many later known authors. Despite the fact that there is no Hemingway’s single book on the art of writing fiction created by him, literary critics and researchers found a lot of interesting things in his letters, articles and reviews of other books. Let’s take a look at Hemingway’s aces in the hole that made his style so unique. The best way to overcome a writing block is to start with one true sentence Hemingway mentions this method in his famous memoir A Moveable Feast, in which he argues that the truest sentence is an excellent means to start and promote a new story. According to him, there are no reasons to worry, as if you have created one true sentence about something you know or have experienced, you have a basis and can move on. Stop in the moment when you know what thing and events will take place next The great writer always pays extremely big attention to keeping the source of his imagination full, rather than writing a certain number of words per day. The prerequisite for making steady progress is to stop when the writing process runs smoothly and when you know for sure what will happen next. In this case, you won’t be exhausted as a writer and never get stuck. Think of the story only during working hours This point correlates with the previous one. Hemingway recommends not thinking of the story in the intervals between work sessions, in that way you are still subconsciously working on the story. Thinking about it consciously you make your brain tired and exhausted before the real work starts. Following Hemingway’s example, you can be distracted – exercise and thereby harden the body, or read a lot and find some food for thought. By the way, you shouldn’t completely empty your writing source; always leave something on the bottom. Reread the previously created materials to move on This rule is aimed to maintain the principle of continuity. Every day Hemingway read (and corrected if it was necessary) from the very beginning everything he had written, and only after that went further from the moment at which he stopped previously. Make an emotion instead of describing it Observation of life isn’t the only decisive factor for good writing, it’s better to consider it as one the most crucial points for creating worthy stories. You should watch some external changes in the world, notice what internal shifts occur in you and identify precisely what thing caused the emotion. If you can clearly define and depict it in the story, your readers will also experience the same emotion. In addition to that, you should keep balance and sequence of motion and fact in order to make the emotion valid right now, in a year or in twenty years. A pencil is the main means of writing For composing letters or magazine articles Hemingway often used a typewriter, but when he dealt with serious work he preferred a pencil. Hemingway explained that while working with a pencil writer gets three different sights at his work – when reading it over when it’s typed and in the proof. The author can see whether the message sent to the reader is correctly perceived or make some corrections. Be brief Similar to Shakespeare’s Brevity is the Soul of Wit, Hemingway also preferred to be brief. He argued that prose writing has its own laws and they are strict and immutable as well as the laws of physics or mathematics.

Nature Versus Nurture, which is responsible for leaders Assignment

Nature Versus Nurture, which is responsible for leaders - Assignment Example In order to understand whether or not leaders are natural born or nurtured into a leader, it is important to understand what exactly defines a leader and what type of traits a leader should posses. A leader can be defined as someone who is able to lead others. To lead others is to conduct plans and implement plans in a way other can easily follow. It is also important for a leader to be able to lead others in a way others will want to follow. Possessing a personality that is favored by many is a necessity for someone to be a leader. A leader is able to lead others into a specific event and lead others in a certain directions. Leaders need to have specific traits. Specific traits a leader should posses would include a strong personality. Strong personalities allow a leader to not easily be manipulated and stay focused. A leader must also posses’ traits that allow him or her to be organized. Being organized shows others that as a leader one is confident and well structured. A leader needs to work well under stress. Being able to work well under stress will allow for a leader to take on large tasks without easily becoming discouraged. The more personable one may be, the more able the leader is to obtain followers. A leader is not a leader unless people are willing to follow with their own free will and not by force or fear. Anyone can lead by fear but a true leader leads by personal choice. Knowing what a leader is and specific traits a leader should posses help to further explore the idea that leaders are both born with specific traits and nurtured by proper upbringing. Intelligence is a perfect example as to how leaders can be born leaders. A leader needs to have a certain level of intelligence in order to lead others. One who is born with a higher level of intelligence is able to learn fast, stay focused and keep up with the demand it takes to lead. It would be hard to lead others if one was lacking necessary skills such as

Final questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final questions - Essay Example She is furious because she is conformed to the fashions, behaviors and values of the time. As a result, she plays havoc and introduces new attitudes and beliefs as well as seduction of the basketball captain Skip. The scenes now begin to change with color and the film gains a new perspective as the society embraces and become contaminated. The cinematography of the film identifies the major theme of the film which is change. The movie touches on many social, political, ideological and religious themes such as race, sexuality, personal freedom, feminism and womens liberation, passion, prejudice and social change. The themes are displayed in a continuous play of events with proper projection. The symptomatic meaning is identified through the color changes from a black and white setting to a colored setting and the transition from a real world to an unrealistic world. The implicit meaning of the film is displayed by the way people react to change. It denoted that people either embrace, reject or resign to the inevitability of change. While some people are inclined to the past, this movie helps us to examine the changes that appear in Pleasantville critically by analyzing our attitudes towards change in general. Cinematically, I found the film effective because the plot is continuous and the essence in daily life is applicable. The scene where Bud helps his mother with the make-up in order to change her skin tone is effective and well displayed in both colored and black and white scenes. The shots are clear and there is a wide angle shot to give way to the house in which they are situated, the distance is well measured and the movement of the camera is both aerial and with a direct view. The montage of this scene is in a traditional sense with a conservative approach to the the customs and based on the need to remain an obedient wife. The

Organisation Design &Organisation Development Assignment

Organisation Design &Organisation Development - Assignment Example Organisation development dwells more on ensuring that people achieve effectiveness for an organisation to achieve its overall success. Organisation problems can be a set of challenges that hinder an organisation from working at maximum efficiency. The problems could be resulting from poor leadership, which affects the structure of an organisation or the systems established within the same. W.L Gore Associates is a company within the textile industry that applies a unique leadership format. The company does not have a hierarchical system of leadership, which is an ancient command and control system. The challenge that this brings is that there is familiarity when it comes to leadership and team members are allowed to act as they will. Based on this, this essay will focus on this problem and use the functional structure and the classical organization theories in addressing the same. Gore Associates believe in having a horizontal leadership structure in which all employees are equal and do not have to be answerable to anyone. The flat leadership also allows for an inclusive decision-making process where team members have to be consulted before making important decision making (Ruairc, Ottesen, & Precey 2013, p. 116). The company’s CEO also focuses more on being friendly to the employees rather than on getting the job done. The company also works under the assumption that the employees hired are aware of their responsibilities, meaning that supervision should not be a key practice. Employees have the autonomy of planning their work schedules as long as they get the work done, which at times can be chaotic. Essentially, there is no system of operation that employees have to follow meaning that everyone is their boss (Obolensky 2014, p. 72). When it comes to the CEO, the employees get to choose who should be in charge,

Software Engineering Ambiguities And Omission Computer Science Essay

Software Engineering Ambiguities And Omission Computer Science Essay Ambiguities and omission are statement that can be explained in number of ways. For example, the following statement is ambiguous. The operator identity consists of the operator name and password; the password consists of six digits. It should be displayed on the security vdu and deposited in the login file when an operator logs into the system. According to the question there are so many ambiguities and omission can be found in the given scenario. The main ambiguities and omission includes in given scenario as follows: The structured approach described in study text can be dividing as follows: Preface, introduction, glossary, user requirement definition, system architecture, system requirements specification, system models, system evolution, appendices, and index. The first category of structured approach is preface. In this stage should define the expected readership of the document and describe its version history, including a rationale for the creation of a new version and a summery of the changes made in each version.  [2]  In the second stage of structured approach is the introduction. In this stage this should describe the need for the system. There should be a brief explanation about its functions and will it works with other systems.Acooding to the given scenario the ticket machine is made for perches rail ticket quickly rather than waiting in the que to perches rail ticket. When the user enters the start button he can chooses the destination. After selecting the destination user can se e the availability of trains ,train time, what kind of trains available(slow or fast,overground or underground train).When the customer chooses the destination,train,and the time user can purchases the rail ticket by paying card or cash. In the next stage of the structured approach which is user requirement definition, needs to define the services provide for the user. User requirements can be explained as follows: When user enters the start button he should abele to see the destinations. When the destination chooses he should be abele to see the train time and the ticket price. If the customer confirms the selected destination he should be abele to pay by card or cash. If the customer wants purchases more than one ticket their should be a option to select the numbers of ticket .After that customer should abele to chooses the payment method (cash or card).If the customer user wants to pay by card he should abele to input the card. After input the card if the user change his mind and wants to pay by cash there must be option to cancel the payment method as a card and choose the payment method as cash. If the customer paid by cash change and receipt must be given. The next stage of structured approach involves to given scenario is system requirement specification. This should explain about the functional and non functional requirement s in detail. According to the system requirement the system should be able to display the destination when the user selects the start button. When the customer chooses the destination system should be abele to display the availability of trains, time.and price. If there are no trains for chosen time system should be abele to display the alternatives (eg; replacement bus services). When the customer selects the train the system should be abele display the payment method (cash or card).According to the scenario user can only pay by credit card or cash, but the system should be able to take debit cards as well. Because most people use r debit cards more than credit cards).If the user input a card before choosing the payment method or input a invalid card system should abele to displays the error massage. If user has been paid by cash system should able to gives the change back. After purchasing rail ticket by card or cash, the system should able to print the valid ticket to chosen destination and abele to provide the receipt for the payment which has been done? The next stage of the structured approach is System models, which has been don in question (e.) .The last stage which involves to given scenario is system evolution. This refers to the fundamental assumptions on which the system is based and anticipated changes due to hardware evolution, changing user needs.etc..(Eg: if the user wants to purchases the ticket online at home he should be able to log in to the system and purchases the train ticket. (c.)Write the user requirements definitions. The user requirements for a system could be divided to functional and non functional requirements, because it helps to the user to understand the system without technical knowledge. User requirements are defined using natural language, tables and diagrams as these can be understood by all users. There are so many problems can be generated when requirements are written in natural language. Lack of clarity It is something difficult to use language in a precise and unambiguous way without making the document wordy and difficult to read. Requirements confusion- Functional requirements, non-functional requirements, system goals and design information may be clearly distinguished. Requirements amalgamation- Several different requirements may be expressed together as a single requirement User requirements can be defined as: the software must provide a means of representing and accessing external files created by other tools.  [3]  According to the above scenario user requirements can be explained as follows. When the user presses the start button he should be able to choose the options (For example customer selecting a specific destination, the destination is in which zone, etc) When the customer chooses the destination user should be able to find out the train times and what kinds of trains (fast train or slow train, underground train or over ground train) are available for that time. If trains are not available or delays at that time user should be able to find out the alternatives such as when is the next train available?, Is there any replacement bus service available?, etc.. After choosing the destination, train and the train time, user should able to see the ticket price. User should able to choose the payment method (card payment or cash payment) to purchases the rail-ticket. If the user wants to pay by cash he should able to enter the cash and confirms the cash payment. After confirming the cash payment, rail ticket should be printed and receipt for the payment and change needs to be given. If the user wants to pay by card he should able to input the credit card or debit card and enter the validation pin. User should be able to get the rail ticket and the receipt after payment has been made. (d.)Write the system requirements specifications. System requirements are expanded versions of the user requirements that used by software engineers as the starting point of the system design.  [4]  Normally they add details and explain how the user requirements should be provided by the system. According to the given scenario software requirements can be highlight as follows: When the user enters the start button the system should be able display the destinations. When customer chooses the destination the system should be displayed the train availability, what kind of trains available (fast, slow train or over ground, underground) of chosen destination and the departures time. If there are no trains available at that time the system should able display saying that there are no trains available at chosen time enter the more option button to check the alternatives. When the alternatives selects system should be abele to display the alternatives(eg.take the replacement bus 472 towards London bride and take the northern line towards Morden -estimated time 1 hour and 32 minutes) If the trains available, after the choosing the destination and the departure time, the system should be able to display the ticket price for the all kinds of trains. For example if the user wants to take underground train within zone 1-6 the travel card will be  £6.30. When the customer selects the ticket type for the chosen destination the system should be able to display the payment method (pay by card or cash). If the customer chooses the payment method as cash system should display how much user needs to pay totally and also should display a massage saying input the cash for perches the ticket) When the customer input the cash the system should be able to charged exactly for the ticket price and change need to be given. Because most of the time users do not keep exact amount for the ticket.mostely they keep  £10 or  £20 notes. If the customer chooses the payment method as card he should confirmed the payment method as card and needs to input the card. When the customer enters the pin the system should abele to verify the card and take the money from users account, but the card is invalid there should be a error massage should be displayed saying you have entered a invalid card please enter the valid card. I f the validation is successful system should de abele to charge from uses account and provide the receipt. (e.)Draw a sequence diagram showing the actions performed in the ticket-issuing system. You may make any reasonable assumptions about the system. Pay particular attention to specifying user errors. Sequance diagram (f.)Write a set of non-functional requirements setting out its expected reliability and its response time. Requirements that are not directly concerned with the specific functions delivered by the system known as none functional system requirements. None functional requirements are not only concern with the software system to be developed, some may concern with the process that should be used to develop the system. There are three non-functional requirements. They are Product Requirements: Which specify the behaviour of the product? Ex: how fast are the system executed and how much memory dose it requires? Speed can be measured by processed transaction, event response time and screen refresh time. Organisational Requirements: requirements driven by polices and procedures in the customers and developers organisation. Ex implementation requirements such as the programming language or design method used. External requirements: Requirements that are driven from factors external to the system and its development process. Also the time that the user take to get familiar with the system and number of help forums that are available, robustness of the system , how much time it take to restart the system in case of a failure occurred. Reliability that measures mean time to failure. Rate of failure accuracy availability and portability of unavailability. Portability of percentage is non-functional requirements that are important when designing a ticket issuing system. (g.)Develop a set of use-cases that could serve as a basis for understanding the requirements for ticket-issuing system. Use Case (h.)Briefly describe the requirements validation process. Discuss all the checks that you have to perform to validate the above requirements in ticket-issue system. Requirement validation concern with the specification of the system that customer wants is functioning according to the requirements. Requirement validation also examines the specification to ensure that all software requirements have been stated unambiguously; that inconsistence, omission and errors have been identified and correct them. Following checks have been carried out on requirements Availability checks Since this is a ticketing system that is used by public. There are multiple users with multiple requirements. Therefore the requirement validation should be favourable for all users. However some users may find there requirements are fulfilled and some may not. Consistency Checks There should be no contradictory constrains or descriptions of the system function. Completeness Checks To check all the requirements have been achieved Realism Checks Once the requirements being gathered it is important to check that the system can be implemented with the current technologies and also it is possible to finish the project with the given time period with the allocated budget. Verifiability To reduce the potential of dispute between customer and contractor, system requirements should always be written so that they are referable (i.)Create a semantic data model for the above scenario. Data model (j.)What is the impact if when the customer pays cash, he is allowed not to have the exact amount? According to the given scenario if the user pays by cash he needs to pay the exact amount. For example if the rail ticket is  £6.30 user must pay exactly  £6.30.Specialy the cities like London most people dont carry change with them they keep  £5,  £10 or  £20 notes. It is a user requirement to get the change back if the user inserts cash more than exact amount. System should abele to give the change back. However in the real life most of the ticket machines, if you put cash you get the change back.